Knee cartilage become important in times ago. Most people in 45 years old has prescribe with medicine to reduce pain from knee cartilage damage. In Medicalcases world we summary type or cartilage repair.
Syntetic Knee Cartilage Regeneration
Cartilage has ability to repair itself but severely limited because it does not contain blood vessels. In medical world bleeding is necessary for healing. A surgeon can encourage new cartilage growth with small cuts in the bone underneath the injured cartilage. The Goal is blood from the damaged bone will grow new cartilage.
There are three common knee cartilage regeneration techniques. This procedure has been applicable in several Hospital :
- Knee microfracture, This procedure will cleared away the damaged cartilage completely. The surgeon uses a sharpened tool like awl to pierce the bone.
- Knee drilling, This regeneration uses a drill or wire to make tiny holes in bone. There is some evidence that the heat from this procedure. Drilling can cause unnecessary injury to nearby tissue. This damage eventually lead to bone cysts or other problems.
- Knee abrasion arthroplasty, The surgeon then uses a special tool to scrape and roughen to affected bone’s surface. This scrape will stimulate the new ones.
Knee Cartilage Replacement
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There is 3 subtype in knee cartilage repplacement. First and the second ones are called OATs surgeries. OAT can be reffer osteochondral autograft transplantation or osteochondral allograft transplantation surgeries. A third option is autologous chondrocyte implantation.
Osteochondral autograft transplantation
This procedure uses cartilage from the patient. OAT in another used from outside patient.
- The surgeon removes a small (<1cm), round plug of healthy cartilage. Surgeon also round tiny bit of underlying bone from a non-weight-bearing area of the knee joint. The surgeon transfers the plug to the area being treated.
- This OATs procedure can be used to repair one or more relatively small cartilage defects in a knee. When more than one plug is used to treat a single cartilage defect, the procedure is called mosaicplasty.
- The surgery is usually done arthroscopically.
Osteochondral allograft transplantation
This procedure uses cartilage from outside the patient, usually from a cadaver.
- The surgeon removes a circular plug of healthy cartilage from an outside donor.
- An allograft is usually used when cartilage defect being treated is too large for an autograft (≥2cm).
- This surgery usually requires an open incision.
Autologous chondrocyte implantation
This procedure relies on newly grown cartilage cells. It also requires two surgeries.
- First, the patient must remove a small piece of healthy cartilage from a non-weight bearing area of the knee joint. That cartilage is cultured to new cartilage cells grow.
- Several weeks after the first surgery, a second surgery is performed to implant the newly grown cartilage cells into the affected knee joint.
- This second surgery is not done arthroscopically; it requires an open incision.
- This procedure may be recommended when the cartilage injury is large (up to several centimeters) or there are multiple cartilage injuries to repair.
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